Rural Perspectives: Wild bergamot now blooming in our area
by Diane Constable
The wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) is a common native wildflower in our area and often can be found along roadsides and areas of land that have reverted back to their wild state (aka: feral fields).
Also known as purple bee balm, Oswego tea, and horsemint, wild bergamot was named for the Spanish physician Dr. Monarda, who studied the plant for its medicinal uses in the 1500s. “Fistulosa” means tube shaped in Latin, and the name describes its tubular petals.
Wild bergamot belongs to the mint family of plants, which is known for having square stems. It prefers dry fields of sandy loam or clay soils and grows 2 to 4 feet tall. From July to September, the deep pink to purple, 1.5-inch-wide flowers bloom in clumps at the top of the erect stems. The deep green, 2-to-3-inch long, narrow-toothed leaves grow opposite of each other along the stem.
The nectar is a favorite for many insects, including bees, wasps, butterflies and moths. Hummingbirds also feed on the nectar. It is also a host plant for several species of caterpillars. Most mammals, including deer and rabbits, are not fond of it, making this native a great garden plant. Cultivated varieties can be found in many garden stores.
Besides its minty fragrance, the plant has had many uses. Native Americans used it for many medicinal purposes, including colds, headaches and stomach pains. The early European settlers learned its uses from the natives and were taught how to use it in cooking, baking, and teas. The oil and leaves also have been used as a perfume.
Fun Fact: After the Boston Tea Party created a scarcity of imported tea, the Colonists used wild bergamot as a tasty substitute.
As an avid photographer, Diane Constable regularly puts her formal education in both nature and photography to good use. Diane also enjoys gardening and her dogs. She serves on the board of the Ann Arbor Dog Training Club and is editor of the club’s newsletter.
