Vision loss in modern-day America: A series on blindness. Part I: Answering some important questions about blindness 

by Jill Marie Ogden

An estimated 3% of Americans are considered legally blind, and this population is expected to grow in coming years as the baby boomers head into their golden years. Age-related diseases such as macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are the leading causes of blindness.

Many people may know someone affected by blindness, but may not understand the condition or how it impacts the lives of those impaired. Vision loss comes in many different forms and can influence a person’s life in myriad ways.

Over the next few months, this series will examine aspects of blindness and how it is affecting people in modern-day America. First, let us begin with an overview of blindness and answer some important questions. Next, we will take a look at basic life skills and coping mechanisms. Finally, we will explore how advancements in technology and the medical field are helping the blind.

First, here are some answers to basic and common questions about blindness.

What does it mean to be legally blind?  

When visual acuity is 20/200 or less after correction or the visual field is less than 20 degrees, a person is deemed legally blind.

What does a blind person look like?

Only a small fraction of legally blind people are totally blind and less than 10% use a mobility device such as a white cane or dog guide. Others prefer to rely on their remaining vision or go with a sighted guide. There are no guidelines for what blind people look like. They are just as diverse as the rest of the population.

Does blindness limit opportunities such as education or employment?

The level of visual impairment, available resources, an individual’s determination and public perception are a few elements that factor into this question. Certainly, many highly successful people are blind. Statistically speaking, less then 30% of the blind population is employed full time, and another 30% live under the poverty level.

I know someone who is experiencing vision loss. How can I help them? 

There are many resources available. A start is to contact a local state organization. In Michigan it is called the Bureau of Services for Blind Persons. Additionally, the National Federation for the Blind (NFB) or American Council of the Blind (ACB) are excellent starting points.

If I see a blind person, should I offer to help them?

Before helping someone, you should always ask if the person wants help and be prepared to except no as an answer. Many people are trained to handle things such as street crossings and help may be more of a hindrance. If help is accepted, then ask what can be done to best help. A blind person will be able to tell someone what he or she is most comfortable with.

A tip: When approaching blind people, it is helpful to greet them by saying hello and stating your name. They may not be able to identify you by your voice alone at first.

Coming in June: Basic life skills and some coping mechanisms.